自信才能學(xué)習(xí)好

fliger

Smart kids tend on balance to do well in school. That may seem obvious, but there are a lot of exceptions to that rule. Some kids with high IQs don't ever become academic superstars, while less gifted kids often shine. Why would this be?

聰明的孩子通常在學(xué)校的各方面表現(xiàn)良好。那些看起來似乎是顯而易見的，但對于這個規(guī)律有許多例外。一些智商高的的孩子從來沒成為過學(xué)習(xí)尖子生，然而不那么有天賦的孩子卻經(jīng)常出色。為什么出現(xiàn)這種情況呢？

Psychologists have focused on things like self-esteem and confidence--how good kids think they are--to explain these outcomes. And the assumption has always been that such psychological traits are shaped mostly by parenting--by parents' beliefs and expectations and modeling. But surprisingly this idea had never been scientifically tested.

心理學(xué)家曾經(jīng)著重于研究自尊和自信，通過孩子覺得他們怎么樣的問題來解釋這些結(jié)果。而且這個假設(shè)總是：這種心理上的性狀大多是由家庭教育，由家長的信仰,期望和樹立的榜樣的影響而形成的。但令人吃驚的是這個想法從未被科學(xué)的證實過。

Until now. Behavioral geneticist Corina Greven of King's College London and her colleagues decided to do the first rigorous analysis of the heritability of confidence--and its relationship to IQ and performance.

直到現(xiàn)在，倫敦大學(xué)國王學(xué)院的行為遺傳學(xué)家Corina Greven和她的的同事們決定做第一個嚴(yán)格的遺傳信心的分析，以及它和智商，成績的關(guān)系。

To do so, they studied more than 3700 pairs of twins, both identical and fraternal twins, from age seven to ten. Comparing genetically identical twins to non-identical siblings allows scientists to sort out the relative contributions of genes and environment, and when they did this they came up with surprising but unmistakable findings.

為了做這些，他們研究了超過3700對雙胞胎，清一色的兄弟雙胞胎，年齡在7到10歲之間。通過比較基因完全相同的雙胞胎與不相同的兄弟姐妹，科學(xué)家理清了基因的作用和環(huán)境的關(guān)系，當(dāng)他們做這些時，他們想出了令人吃驚但無誤的研究結(jié)果。

Contrary of accepted wisdom, the researchers found (and report in the June issue of Psychological Science) that kids' confidence is heavily influenced by heredity--at least as much as IQ is. Indeed, as-yet-unidentified confidence genes appear to influence school performance independent of IQ genes, with shared environment having only a negligible influence.

同公認的智慧相反，研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)（并且發(fā)表在六月的心理科學(xué)雜志上）孩子的信心至少和智商一樣嚴(yán)重的被遺傳所影響，實際上，還未被識別的自信基因看起來對成績的影響?yīng)毩⒂谥橇�基因，共同的成長環(huán)境只有微不足道的影響。

The fact that confidence is heritable does not mean it is unchanging, of course. Siblings share a lot of influences living in basically the same home and community, but there are always worldly influences pulling them apart. A genetic legacy of self-confidence merely opens up many possible futures.

信心是遺傳的這個事實并不意味著它是不可改變的，當(dāng)然，兄弟姐妹住在基本上同一個家同一個社區(qū)，受許多同樣的影響，但有些世俗的影響會把他們區(qū)分開。自信基因的傳承只是開辟了許多可能的未來。

羅克韋爾

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